Tag Archives: influenza

Getting Flu Shot a Great Investment in Your Health

Dr. Donald Bucklin

Dr. Donald Bucklin

When discussing the flu, “same old-same old” means over 40,000 people will die in this country of the flu this winter.

That’s as many people as will likely get killed on U.S. highways this year. It would be nice to vaccinate against getting killed in a car crash, wouldn’t it?

This influenza season is a particularly severe one, if present trends hold out. Most of the deaths will occur in the very old or very young, both of which are not easily vaccinated, because they can‘t drive or ask for the vaccine. They depend on us able-bodied people, known as “the herd” in public health vernacular.

The herd can dramatically influence the spread of disease like influenza. Part of this herd is the workers at an institution that care for the elderly, the sick or the very young. They pass in and out of the institution every day, sometimes bringing and sometimes taking home unwanted viral baggage.

The flu depends on finding its next susceptible victim to continue its relentless winter march.

We all briefly consider getting a flu shot each winter, according to our own private equation. We consider the media headlines, our health, our experience with the flu vaccine or the flu, and weigh in the cost of the vaccine in time and money.

This may all be largely subconscious, but ultimately pushes us toward or away from the vaccination opportunities. You either stop and do it or drive by. The health care providers of the world are grinding their teeth in frustration trying to influence your decision.

Medical types like to place every illness under the microscope. The Canadians, common sense people that they are, tried a different approach, looking at flu from across the street. Their study didn’t even limit itself to influenza alone; they looked at winter respiratory illness in general.

The Canadian study included everything from the mildest chest cold to pneumonia, and everything in between. Influenza was part of that group.

During the study they gave the influenza vaccine to a large group and carefully observed for any respiratory illness. A more compulsive approach would be to count only lab-proven influenza, but that was not the Canadian way. Still, they generated some very interesting results.

Those who were vaccinated had 25 percent fewer respiratory illnesses than people who weren’t. The vaccinated group had 43 percent fewer sick days that winter, 44 percent fewer doctor visits, and saved almost $47 per patient.

Those are some impressive numbers and being a doctor, I very much want to do influenza antibody tests of all those Canadians. But that isn’t the point. The point is there seems to be a larger spectrum of influenza than we realize. Looking at doctor visits and sick days and all of that, a flu shot has measurable benefit for most people.

So you can get vaccinated because you are trying to keep the family healthy this winter, or because it’s the right thing to do. You can also get vaccinated simply because it’s a good investment in your health.

Donald Bucklin, MD (Dr. B) is a Regional Medical Director for U.S. HealthWorks and has been practicing clinical occupational medicine for more than 25 years. Dr. B. works in our Scottsdale, Arizona clinic.

 

Top Ten Flu Shot Myths: Don’t Fall For Them

It seems most people won’t get a flu shot this year – many turning to what can only be called the Top Ten Flu Myths. Here goes:

'Finally Got A Flu Shot $25.' photo (c) 2010, Jake Metcalf - license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

1. The flu shot can give me the flu. No way, no how. Injectable flu vaccine is 100% dead, broken-up virus – it is not infectious.

2. I won’t get the flu. That is Russian roulette. How often this winter will you be in the same room/elevator/auto with someone who is coughing, sneezing and doing their best to infect everyone? You will find yourself trapped like a rat.

3. I’m healthy, so getting the flu is no big deal. Influenza hits even the strong and healthy like a Mack Truck. Think 104 fevers and every muscle in your body screaming at you. Not much a doctor can do after you have the flu.

4. The Flu vaccine is dangerous. This is the old argument regarding the preservative Thimerosal. There is zero scientific evidence that this preservative is harmful. Given the hundreds of millions of flu shots given, even a tiny risk would be found. If you still fear this preservative, the flu vaccine is available in preservative free form (no Thimerosal) and the FluMist nasal spray has none. For the record, my children, wife and I had the regular flu vaccine (with Thimerosal).

5. Flu shots are difficult to find and useless after November. The flu season changes every year. Things like air travel spread viruses quickly to far flung places. It takes 9 days to develop immunity after being vaccinated. You will still get immunity whenever you vaccinate. In terms of finding the vaccine, the vaccine is plentiful even late in the season. If you decide a flu shot is a good idea, why risk getting the disease for months before getting a shot?

6. I get sick even if I get the flu shot. Influenza takes a couple of days to develop after you are infected. So you can also get exposed a couple of days after the vaccine, but before you are immune. Influenza vaccine doesn’t prevent colds. So any of those situations can lead people to think the vaccine didn’t work.

7. I don’t have the money. A Canadian study found an average savings of $43 in healthcare expense for every vaccinated person. Doctor visits and work absence were all significantly reduced in the vaccinated population.

8. Only old people die of flu. In normal years, 90% of flu deaths are 65 years and over. H1N1 had the opposite with almost all the deaths in the young. It is your contribution to the public good to not be passing around flu this winter. We call that herd immunity. The sum is greater than the parts.

9. I am still immune from last year’s shot. The flu vaccine is redesigned every year based on the early emerging virus types in Southeast Asia (they have their winter during our summer). When we measure immunity, flu vaccine gives very strong immunity for six months or longer. You don’t still have high antibody levels the next flu season.

10. Flu shots hurt. In my clinic, we use #30 needles that are the thickness of a human hair. The vaccine is not irritating to the muscle. There is very little pain with a carefully given flu shot. If you are needle-phobic, you can always take the nasal spray (FluMist).

We have plenty of vaccine, what are you waiting for?

Dr. B

Donald Bucklin, MD (Dr. B) is a Regional Medical Director for U.S. HealthWorks and has been practicing Clinical Occupational Medicine for more than 25 years. Dr. B works in our Scottsdale, Arizona clinic.

What is the Flu Vaccine Anyway?

We spend a lot of time each fall talking about influenza and flu vaccine. A great deal of hard work by very smart people goes into making this magic fluid each year.

'Flu Vaccination Grippe' photo (c) 2010, Daniel Paquet - license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
The first thing you need to make flu vaccine is a flu virus. Those come in many different flavors, some old standbys trying to make a comeback, occasionally some new virus. Because the earth is tilted, our summer is the Southern Hemisphere’s winter. They are having this year’s flu season 6 months before we do. The best place to look for new influenza viruses are poor rural areas in Southeast Asia. In these areas, humans and animals frequently live close together. I’m sure you have noticed all influenza viruses have animal names (swine flu, bird flu…) – that is because the virus jumped from an animal to a person.

The World Heath Organization (WHO) is in charge of collecting flu viruses. They culture a bunch of sick people (nasal swab) to find the new and dominant viruses that season. They get pure cultures of the three worst viruses.

Now the magic begins.

Each virus is combined with a harmless standard lab virus. The result is a new virus that looks like the bad influenza virus on the outside, and like the harmless lab virus on the inside. That is important because the human body generates antibodies to the outside of the virus (it can’t see the inside). Now we have a copy of the virus that can’t make people sick, and grows well in chicken eggs. All this happens at the WHO labs.

Next it’s off to the vaccine manufacturers.

This harmless copy virus is injected into fertilized chicken eggs that are 9 to 12 days old. Three days later there are almost countless copies of the virus in the egg white. The virus is then separated from the egg white. Now it’s time to kill the virus with chemicals as we don’t want anyone being infected by this new virus (even though it is harmless). Now the virus is broken up to get a solution of the surface proteins (those on the outside).

This solution, called antigen, is then diluted to the proper concentration for use.

Next, it’s sterilized and packaged in vials and syringes.

There are hundreds of quality assurance tests done at each step of the process.

So your flu vaccine contains just the proteins from the outside of the original bad virus. It doesn’t have the ability to infect you as there is no living virus in the vaccine.

When you get your flu shot, these proteins (antigens) in the vaccine stimulate your body to make antibodies against this interloper. These antibodies will attach to the original virus and destroy it. In about 9 days you have enough antibodies to fight off an assault by the original virus.

It takes six months from finding a new virus to mass-producing the vaccine. That original virus was found in our spring (the Southern Hemisphere’s fall) and is ready for use by our fall season – just in time for flu season.

Producing the new trivalent (3 viruses) vaccine each year is one of the things the human race does very well; it requires worldwide cooperation to pull it off.

So, when you get your flu shot this year (and do it soon to maximize your protection), appreciate the “magic” that half cc of vaccine represents.

Take care

Dr B

Donald Bucklin, MD (Dr. B) is a Regional Medical Director for U.S. HealthWorks and has been practicing Clinical Occupational Medicine for more than 25 years. Dr. B works in our Scottsdale, Arizona clinic.

CDC Announces the Official Start of the Flu Season

Did I miss something, or are we talking about flu in mid-February? Isn’t that like the kids asking you about Halloween instead of Valentine’s Day? My response, after a microsecond of disorientation, is “What, where did that come from?” That is how I feel about a spring influenza epidemic.

Influenza usually misbehaves in a reassuringly predictable fashion (there’s that kid analogy again). This flu season “beginning” is the latest in the last 30 years, according to the CDC.

A short primer: Influenza germs hang out in poor countries in the Southern Hemisphere where people and animals live together. That seems a surprising thing but, if your pig or goat is your most valuable possession, you don’t let him out of your sight. Most of the new influenza viruses cross over from animals into humans where they live together. Thus animal “flus”: Swine Flu, Bird Flu, etc.

So a new and improved (from the viruses’ view) influenza virus goes out to make its mark on the world. That is somewhat easier these days with our migratory populations of air, rail and ship travelers. There is a several day incubation period where you have the virus and are infected, but you don’t look bad or feel sick yet. That’s the problem.

So why is influenza a winter bug anyway? A lot of scientific study has gone into answering this simple question. There are aspects of the germ that make it winter friendly. The viral coat is soft, fragile and almost like mucus in warm temperature, and hard and durable in cold temperatures. So the virus lives longer in the winter.

We are also better hosts for the germ in the winter. The air is so dry our lips are chapped and cracked and so is the rest of our respiratory tree. These tiny cracks let the germs in easily. We are crowded together in schools, airplanes and churches, breathing each other’s air and, unfortunately, someone is always sick. Buildings are more tightly sealed to keep out the drafts and keep the warm, moist (possibly infected) air on the inside.

For influenza to get going, it has to land in a population of susceptible, unvaccinated people.

So here we are, thinking about spring, and the CDC is telling us influenza is on the rise.

Blame it on global warming, the ozone hole, or the illiteracy rate in America, but here it comes.

Expect a steep rise in cases in the next few weeks. I am already seeing some really sick people in my office. They have high fevers (103), body aches like they took a beating, a headache and sometime nausea. They looked like they wanted to die (I was careful to keep them away from sharp instruments).

So, while it seems a bit late to be talking about flu shots, flu season is finally arriving.

The realities are that flu vaccine is still thankfully available. Flu vaccine is still a really good idea if you want to save yourself some major misery. Remember it takes about nine days to develop good flu immunity after a flu shot. So, what are you waiting for?

Take Care,

Dr B

Can The Flu Make You Go Bald?

Just when you thought you had heard everything about the flu, something new comes along.

'Moon Scape of Bald Head' photo (c) 2008, malehmann - license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
The Journal of Dermatology recently reported that swine flu has been associated with alopecia arietta. That means influenza can make you bald, or at least partly bald.

Alopecia Areata is a condition where a patch of hair falls out and you have a bald spot. It isn’t well understood, it’s idiopathic (meaning we doctors haven’t figured it out). The condition is believed to be caused by your body attacking your hair follicles. That makes it a relative to autoimmune disorders like Lupus or Rheumatoid Arthritis. Why exactly this happens remains unclear, but there are clear triggers for this.

What is a trigger? That is something that sometimes starts a medical problem, which the person had a tendency toward. This tendency is genetic, but we don’t know how to test for it. A lot of things in medicine are like this. You may know someone who is 80 and has smoked all their life, or an alcoholic who doesn’t get cirrhosis.

The trouble is we can’t test for this tendency. If we could, our patients would love us. We could do a test and tell you it’s OK for you to smoke, drink and eat junk food. The next patient we could tell to exercise and be vegetarian or they won’t see 40.

We just don’t yet know enough to sort this out.

A bit of good news is the swine flu is the main flu circulating this season, and the vaccine prevents it. Alopecia Areata is not the end of the world. The hair usually grows back after several months or a year.

But partially bald is not my planned look for Christmas.

Stay well (and get your flu shot).

Dr B.

As the Peak of Flu Season Hits, Study Shows Importance of Hygiene

With the peak of flu season usually occurring this month, a recent study on the spreading of flu can teach us an important lesson about hygiene.

The study, published by the National Academy of Sciences, looked carefully at the H1N1 flu season in 2009. They studied schoolchildren, classmates and their families as the epidemic was happening. They suspected that many children were spreading the flu to their classmates in school.

Their findings actually disproved that school was an important source of infection. They found instead that the close contact of friends who played together outside of school was a common source of illness. Typically, children who played together outside of school have more close contact with each other. They use little hygiene such as hand washing or covering a cough.

Hand Washingphoto © 2010 Anthony Albright | more info (via: Wylio)

It was striking that children did not get sick from just sitting next to a classmate in school who was sick. This went against the prevailing wisdom of closing schools to prevent the spread of flu.

In reviewing households with sick children, most of the time adults in the household did not get sick from their children. They were probably making a special effort to limit exposure to the obviously ill family member. Again, the study results suggest the more likely source of infection was in the community at large where efforts at hygiene were forgotten or non-existent.

Day 59, Project 365 - 12.18.09photo © 2009 William Brawley | more info (via: Wylio)

We know that the flu virus does not fly through the air attacking a person over the shoulder while they look the other way. If someone coughs or sneezes on you point-blank within a couple feet, mucus droplets are broadcast with the virus; however, the most common denominator is you. We are the last link to acquire the infection. By touching our own hands to our face and mouth, we’re most likely to get the illness. Hands touch so many public places and surfaces that we forget that our own hands are such germ-laden instruments. Washing hands before eating or food preparation remains one of the most important means of protecting yourself from illness.

The researchers noted that the flu virus spreads very rapidly among school age children. The results reinforce that it is not the classroom or seating arrangement that is the problem. It is more likely due to the fundamental lack of hygiene practices in children and adults in the community that facilitate spread of the disease.

We all can learn a lesson from this study, so be sure to wash up.

– Dr. Bruce Kaler

The Top 5 Places to Catch the Flu

Here we are just into the opening weeks of a new year, and influenza is well into its annual assault on America. Germs aren’t hard to find this season, but where they hide might surprise you.

At the Office
We spend more than a third of our lives at the workplace. This tops our list for flu exposure. Depending on the layout of where you work, you may find yourself uncomfortably close to a sneezing, sputtering coworker. Perhaps you share a telephone with several others. Breath is heavy with moisture and creates a nice warm place for bacteria and viruses to multiply in the telephone mouthpiece. So you may be sharing more that simply a telephone.

Keyboards also get pretty germy. Our fingers are moist and a bit oily, and leave a film on the keyboard surface. This is a perfect place to grow germs. Keyboard use is a good way to both leave and pick up germs. One study found more germs on a keyboard than a toilet handle. Where is that can of Lysol?

How about that break area at the workplace. Which refrigerator gets cleaned more often, the one at home, or the one at work? Washing coffee mugs at work usually takes a quarter of the time and half the amount of soap that the same mug would get at home. Not surprisingly, they don’t get too clean and can be a source of influenza germs. Has that sponge in the break room been replaced since the company opened? Old sponges smell bad for a reason. Old magazines in the break room have been read by generations of people, few of which wash their hands. Put those same magazines in a doctor’s waiting room, and they get to heroic levels of germs rather quickly. Magazines don’t do too well in the washing machine.

DSC_3958photo © 2005 Michael | more info (via: Wylio)

At Home
We all try pretty hard to not leave used tissues lying around the house – these are the hand grenades of the germ world. Germs are sneaky and inventive in their hiding places. The remote control gets handled by many greasy hands – chips and TV anyone? The kitchen at home is cleaner than the one at work but still contains more germs than the bathroom. When is the last time you cleaned the cabinet door to the kitchen waste basket? How about the refrigerator handle? Care to guess how many germs get tracked in on your shoes from the outside?

On the Go
Start with your own car. Rarely do we risk an accident by sanitizing the steering wheel after a good sneeze. Anyone else drive your car? Public transportation in its many forms also serves as a germ reservoir. From elevators and escalators to city buses, large numbers of often sick people pass though, leaving more than a footprint. Who last pushed that elevator button? Who last used the hand rails? I need to take a break and wash my hands.

Airplanes are particularly worrisome as far as influenza virus is concerned. The air in a commercial jet is re-circulated, perhaps better put, recycled. A couple hundred people are shoulder-to-shoulder and breathing the same recycled air. The air is filtered but lots of interesting germs can be cultured right off the filter. There is not enough space to separate you from the germ factory sitting next to you, and it’s always next to you, isn’t it? The aircraft bathroom holds the record for the “germiest” of public bathrooms – all of the usual sources of germs in one-tenth the space. The interesting roaring sound the aircraft toilet makes actually can put colonic bacteria (ecoli) into the air for all to breathe.

Your Retail Life
At least they have figured out shopping cart handles and placed disinfectant wipes close by. You might wipe more than just the handle, as the last user could have had a sick child in the cart seat.

Credit Cardsphoto © 2008 Andres Rueda | more info (via: Wylio)

Everybody knows money is dirty, but credit cards get handled a lot more and are never cleaned. How about the keypad in the grocery line with the credit card swiper? None are cleaned on any kind of regular schedule.

The gas pump handle also sees a lot of hand traffic but no cleaning.

Finally, your cell phone is not always your best friend. Pass it to friends to make a call, show a picture or share a Facebook comment – lots of hands, no cleaning.

Although it seems tempting, I don’t recommend you actually live your life in a bunny suit. Your immune system is designed to help you survive the various insults. You can give it a big help with a yearly flu shot.

Be well,

Dr. B

5 Surprising Places the Flu Can Linger

KSAZ FOX 10 in Phoenix stopped by U.S. HealthWorks Center Medical Director Dr. Donald Bucklin’s office this morning to talk to him about 5 places where you can catch the flu. Check out the segment here.

What Would You Do If A Colleague Came To Work With The Flu?

Last week, our very own Dr. Steve Sorsby spoke with Q13 FOX in Seattle about dealing with co-workers who are sick and how to prevent spreading illness at work. Check out what advice he had:

What Would You Do If A Colleague Came To Work With The Flu?

By Angela King & Q13 FOX News Online
January 11, 2011

Does it drive you crazy when your colleagues come to work sick? They’re coughing and sneezing all over the place, forgetting to cover their mouths? What would you do in that situation? It’s not always easy to tell your fellow adults to “cover up”, but it might be worth thinking about, especially now.

The flu is starting to emerge on the east coast and in the south. It usually doesn’t peak here in the northwest until February. Doctors aren’t anticipating a severe flu season like the one we saw last winter. Since 2009, H1N1 has killed thousands of people, and sickened many more worldwide. (Read the rest here)

Can Your iPhone, Droid or Touchscreen Device Transmit the Flu?

According to British researchers, mobile phones harbor 18 times more bacteria than a flush handle in a typical men’s restroom.

And Stanford University research suggests that the risks of transmitting pathogens from glass surfaces to a person’s skin are relatively high. Especially considering that 30 percent of the virus or germ will get on your fingertip when you touch the infected screen.

Since we were little, our mothers admonished us to wash our hands and cover our mouths when we sneezed – pretty good advice in this germy world; however, we received that guidance before anyone had ever heard of a touchscreen device.

But just how are infectious diseases passed from person to person?

People with upper respiratory infections sneeze and cough, blow and snort – spreading germs all over the place. These germs can live on surfaces, sometimes for hours or even days, just waiting for someone to touch them and rub their nose. The fancy word for this is autoinoculation, meaning you gave yourself the disease.

Washing your hands before eating is a good start, but I would take it a step further and wash your hands before you touch your face – always.

What about that smartphone on your hip – the one with the touchscreen?

If you are like me, you pick it up whenever it rings and put it to your mouth. I can almost hear my mom saying, “You don’t know where that cell phone has been!” You also pass it around freely to share the latest music, video or photo.

But when is the last time you disinfected your phone? Do you even think of it as an object capable of transmitting respiratory germs? How would we even go about doing germ warfare with your smartphone?

Clearly, boiling your phone is a really bad idea. I have personally tried the immersion technique – in a lake and in a toilet (two different phones … I’m not stupid), with identical results. In the medical world, we autoclave instruments to make them sterile, a kind of a steam pressure cooking. I haven’t yet tested that method, but I expect it would be a variation on the drowned phone phenomena.

Operating rooms use ethylene chloride gas sterilization to kill germs on sensitive electronic equipment. This would probably work well on the average smartphone, but it is a rather expensive and cumbersome technology for personal cell phone cleaning. Maybe this is a business opportunity for someone: set up ethylene chloride sterilizing equipment in a truck and sterilize cell phones for five bucks a piece. Franchise anyone?

But let’s be practical.

We can be a little bit low tech here and still get most of the bad germs off the touchscreen. There are a number of germicidal wipes available at drug or grocery stores. You can even grab one when you get your grocery cart. Take one that is moist, not dripping wet, and wipe off the screen of your touchscreen device periodically. It’s as easy as that.

Most wintertime respiratory infections are the result of us touching germy surfaces and then touching our face. The germy surface can be the counter, the grocery store cart or even your cell phone. Get in the habit of washing your hands before you touch your face, and give your cell phone the occasional swipe.

Stay well,

Dr B.


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